Ok, so I'm a dork and have already named my rifle. Sashenka. Means "Defender of Man" in Russian. Seemed apropos. Anyway, I took a white crayon to the barrel to make the markings stand out for a photo session. Here's what I've got.
I determined the meanings of most of the markings from here. She was made in Izhevsk in 1946. The only symbol I'm not clear on is the Ya in a circle on the side (looks like a backwards R).
She's going in for her first range time tonight! Report (and hopefully video) later.
I determined the meanings of most of the markings from here.